Raspberry Pi Pico W 智慧淹水偵測系統，結合 Google 試算表與 LINE 通訊軟體

前言

本篇文章要來介紹的是使用 Raspberry Pico W 和 RS485 溫溼度感測器的淹水偵測裝置，為了因應最近強降雨的情形，怕地下室淹水所製作的，現在這套設備正在 CAVEDU 地下室服役中。 Pico W淹水偵測裝置功能如下: ➡️每15分鐘會上傳資料點至Google Sheet雲端，以確保裝置運作中 ➡️可定時(如:每日7:00PM把目前偵測到的溫溼度發送到 LINE 通訊軟體 ➡️若濕度過高，則會立即通報LINE中。由於LINE可以把相關人員加入群組中，所以只要有人接到通報，就可以第一時間做處置。 https://youtu.be/hDFx26F5vZ8

撰寫/攝影	許鈺莨 (ChatGPT協作編輯)
時間	2 小時	材料表	Raspberry Pi Pico W 開發板 RS485 土壤溫溼度  x1 TTL轉RS485模組 x1 1602 LCD 液晶顯示模組 x1 RK-Pico擴充板 x1
難度	2（滿分5）

本文

智慧偵測淹水裝置接線圖

智慧偵測淹水裝置主要由下列元件所組成:

• Raspberry Pi Pico W: 接收RS485感測器訊號，並上傳至雲端及LINE 訊息。
• Raspberry Pi Pico W擴充板 : 擴充Raspberry Pi Pico W腳位，以方便將感測器腳位。
• TTL轉RS485模組 : 可將RS485感測器訊號轉成TTL訊號，再讓Raspberry Pi Pico W接收
• RS485溫溼度感測器:可以偵測室內的溫度及濕度。
• LCD液晶螢幕: 主要顯示目前的溼度狀況與時間。

1. Raspberry Pi Pico W擴充板與LCD 接線

2. Raspberry Pi Pico W擴充板與TTL轉RS485模組接線

3. TTL轉RS485模組接線與RS485溫濕度感測器接線

智慧偵測淹水裝置流程圖

系統流程圖如下 (點選看大圖)  

智慧偵測淹水裝置匯入LCD函式庫

1. 匯入 Raspberry Pi pico 函式庫的做法，請參考「使用 Raspberry Pi Pico W 和 MicroPython 開發物聯網應用」
2. 函式庫下載：https://reurl.cc/Dov54e

3. 匯入檔案指令，匯入以上連結下載的 lcd_api.py 和 i2c_lcd.py

[pastacode lang="bash" manual="cd%20LCD_library%0Aampy%20--port%20COMX%20put%20lcd_api.py%0Aampy%20--port%20COMX%20put%20i2c_lcd.py" message="" highlight="" provider="manual"/]

4. 智慧偵測淹水裝置程式全貌

下列程式中需要 IFTTT 作為中介軟體來串接 pico W 與 LINE，相關IFTTT申請步驟，請參考 「LinkIt™ 7697空氣品質偵測並上傳Google表單（空氣盒子2.0）」。，並將申請到的 IFTTT 相關資訊填入以下 .py 檔之後上傳到 pi pico 開發板即可。 [pastacode lang="python" manual="import%20utime%0Aimport%20machine%0Aimport%20urequests%0Aimport%20ntptime%0Aimport%20network%0Afrom%20machine%20import%20I2C%2C%20Pin%2C%20RTC%0Afrom%20lcd_api%20import%20LcdApi%0Afrom%20i2c_lcd%20import%20I2cLcd%0A%0A%23%20IFTTT%20settings(%E9%9C%80%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C%E8%BC%B8%E5%85%A5IFTTT%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A)%0AIFTTT_GOOGLE_EVENT%20%3D%20%22enter_your_google_event%22%0AIFTTT_LINE_EVENT%20%3D%20%22enter_your_line_event%22%0AIFTTT_KEY%3D%20%22enter_your_webhook_key%22%0AIFTTT_URL_GOOGLE_SHEET%20%3D'https%3A%2F%2Fmaker.ifttt.com%2Ftrigger%2F'%2BIFTTT_GOOGLE_EVENT%2B'%2Fwith%2Fkey%2F'%2BIFTTT_KEY%0AIFTTT_URL_LINE%20%3D'https%3A%2F%2Fmaker.ifttt.com%2Ftrigger%2F'%2BIFTTT_LINE_EVENT%2B'%2Fwith%2Fkey%2F'%2BIFTTT_KEY%0A%0A%23%20WiFi%20settings(%E9%9C%80%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C%E8%BC%B8%E5%85%A5WIFI%E5%B8%B3%E8%99%9F%E5%92%8C%E5%AF%86%E7%A2%BC)%0Awifi_ssid%20%3D%20%22enter_your_wifi_ssid%22%0Awifi_password%20%3D%20%22enter_your_wifi_password%22%0A%0A%23%20Initialize%20UART(%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96UART)%0Auart%20%3D%20machine.UART(1%2C%20baudrate%3D9600%2C%20tx%3Dmachine.Pin(8)%2C%20rx%3Dmachine.Pin(9)%2C%20timeout%3D1000)%0A%0Auart.init(9600%2C%20bits%3D8%2C%20parity%3DNone%2C%20stop%3D1)%0A%0A%23%20LCD%20initialization%20(LCD%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96)%0AI2C_ADDR%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20%3D%200x3f%0AI2C_NUM_ROWS%20%3D%202%0AI2C_NUM_COLS%20%3D%2016%0Ai2c%20%3D%20I2C(0%2C%20sda%3Dmachine.Pin(0)%2C%20scl%3Dmachine.Pin(1)%2C%20freq%3D400000)%0Alcd%20%3D%20I2cLcd(i2c%2C%20I2C_ADDR%2C%20I2C_NUM_ROWS%2C%20I2C_NUM_COLS)%C2%A0%C2%A0%0A%0A%23%20Initialize%20RTC%20(RTC%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96)%0Artc%20%3D%20RTC()%0A%0A%23%20Connect%20to%20the%20WiFi%20(WIFI%E9%80%A3%E7%B7%9A)%0Adef%20connect_wifi(ssid%2C%20password)%3A%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20wlan%20%3D%20network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20wlan.active(True)%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20if%20not%20wlan.isconnected()%3A%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20wlan.connect(ssid%2C%20password)%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20while%20not%20wlan.isconnected()%3A%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20pass%0A%0A%23%20Update%20the%20time%20from%20NTP%20server%20(%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%99%82%E9%96%93)%0Adef%20update_time()%3A%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20ntptime.host%20%3D%20'pool.ntp.org'%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20ntptime.settime()%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20tm%20%3D%20utime.localtime(utime.mktime(utime.localtime())%20%2B%2028800)%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20rtc.datetime((tm%5B0%5D%2C%20tm%5B1%5D%2C%20tm%5B2%5D%2C%20tm%5B6%5D%20%2B%201%2C%20tm%5B3%5D%2C%20tm%5B4%5D%2C%20tm%5B5%5D%2C%200))%0A%0A%23%20Get%20current%20time(%E5%8F%96%E5%BE%97%E7%9B%AE%E5%89%8D%E6%99%82%E9%96%93)%0Adef%20get_time()%3A%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20time%20%3D%20rtc.datetime()%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20current_hour%20%3D%20time%5B4%5D%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20current_minute%20%3D%20time%5B5%5D%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20current_second%20%3D%20time%5B6%5D%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20current_time%20%3D%20%22%7B%3A02d%7D%3A%7B%3A02d%7D%3A%7B%3A02d%7D%22.format(current_hour%2C%20current_minute%2C%20current_second)%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20return%20current_time%2C%20current_hour%2C%20current_minute%0A%0A%23%20Send%20data%20to%20IFTTT%20(%E5%82%B3%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%88%B0IFTTT)%0Adef%20send_to_ifttt(url%2C%20soil_temp%2C%20soil_vwc%2C%20state)%3A%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20data%20%3D%20%7B'value1'%3A%20str(soil_temp)%2C%20'value2'%3A%20str(soil_vwc)%2C%20'value3'%3A%20state%7D%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20request_headers%20%3D%20%7B'Content-Type'%3A%20'application%2Fjson'%7D%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20request%20%3D%20urequests.post(url%2C%20json%3Ddata%2C%20headers%3Drequest_headers)%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20request.close()%0A%0A%23%20Sensor%20Access%20Function%20(RS485%E6%84%9F%E6%B8%AC%E5%99%A8%E5%9B%9E%E5%82%B3%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99)%0Adef%20Sensor_Access()%3A%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20Read_SOIL_TEMP_HUMI_Command%20%3D%20bytes(%5B0x01%2C%200x03%2C%200x00%2C%200x06%2C%200x00%2C%200x02%2C%200x24%2C%200x0A%5D)%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20SOIL_buf%20%3D%20bytearray(11)%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20Sensor_Delay_mS%20%3D%2050%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20uart.write(Read_SOIL_TEMP_HUMI_Command)%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20uart.readinto(SOIL_buf)%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20utime.sleep_ms(Sensor_Delay_mS)%0A%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20SOIL_VWC_Data%20%3D%20(SOIL_buf%5B5%5D%20%3C%3C%208)%20%2B%20SOIL_buf%5B6%5D%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20SOIL_VWC_Value%20%3D%20int(SOIL_VWC_Data)%20%2F%201000%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20SOIL_TEMP_Data%20%3D%20(SOIL_buf%5B3%5D%20%3C%3C%208)%20%2B%20SOIL_buf%5B4%5D%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20SOIL_TEMP_Value%20%3D%20int(SOIL_TEMP_Data)%20%2F%20100%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20return%20SOIL_TEMP_Value%2C%20SOIL_VWC_Value%0A%0A%23%20Print%20on%20LCD%20(%E9%A1%AF%E7%A4%BA%E6%95%B8%E5%80%BC%E5%9C%A8LCD)%0Adef%20lcd_print(current_time%2C%20soil_vwc)%3A%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20lcd.clear()%0A%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20lcd.putstr(%22TIME%3A%20%7Btime%7D%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0%20VWC%3A%20%7Bvwc%3A.1f%7D%22.format(time%3Dcur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message="Alert_IFTTT_LINE_GOOGLE_settime_blog.py" highlight="" provider="manual"/]

5. 安裝位置

筆者將裝置設置在地下室容易淹水的地方，由於感測器很靈敏，所以使用海綿來吸水，到一定程度後感測器就會發出通報 (下圖左)。裝置運作時，可由外接 LCD 看到當下的時間和濕度。 [gallery columns="2" ids="59287,59288"] 6. 實際執行 執行影片如本文開頭，為了較快看到效果，筆者設計是每秒上傳一次資料到雲端，請根據實際狀況來修改這個更新頻率。